Ultrasonography is a useful procedure in evaluation of spleen size in different clinical conditions. In this study, we used it to evaluate spleen size in patients with various hepatologic, hematologic and autoimmune diseases. To express spleen. size, a spleen index (SI), the product of the transverse diameter and its perpendiculr diameter measured on the maximum-sectional image of the spleen, was used.Splenomegaly was present in high percentages of patients with liver, blood, collagen or autoimmune diseases, even though a majority of these spleens were not large enough to palpate.By grading the 51, characteristic distributions of sf were obtained for patients with different types of diseases. Obtajning and grading the SI by the use of ultrasound appears to be a significant supplemental aid for evaluating spleen especially in patients whose spleen are not palpable.

Introduction & Objective: Silver nanoparticles may be toxic. The mechanism of toxicity is not known. Great concern for the health of humans in nature has created. The changes in body weight, liver index and spleen index can be effective in identifying harmful factor in the body. This study was performed to examine the effects of silver nanoparticles on body weight and liver and spleen index in rats.Materials and Methods: 21 adult female rats were randomly divided into 7 groups. The mice were weighed. Group 1 was sham. Control group 2 and group 3 to 7 experimental groups were treated respectively with 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm of silver nanoparticles. Mice treated for 10 days. On the eleventh day the rats were killed by diethyl ether anesthesia. The mice were weighed and then dissected; the liver and spleen were removed. Liver and spleen were weighed in order to calculate their index.Results: The results showed no significant change in body weight of mice, spleen weight, liver weight and liver index and spleen index.Conclusion: Intraperitoneal injection of silver nanoparticles does not affect the index in rat liver and spleen.

Background: MS14 is an Herbal-marine preparation that has been used in experimental studies for the management of Multiple sclerosis, (MS). In this study the effect of MS14 on body weight, spleen index and the histological picture of various organs was evaluated.Methods: Female Balb/C mice of 6-8 weeks age were divided into control and test groups. MS14 was orally administrated at a dose of 100 mg/kg for five days to the experimental group and normal saline given to the control group. After euthanasia on day six, the body weight was measured, spleen index was calculated and representative pieces of tissues including kidney, liver, spleen, lung, lymph node and bone marrow were collected in 10% formalin solution and processed through a standard paraffin embedding method. Sections of 5 micrometer thickness were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results: MS14 at 100 mg/kg did not affect body weight and spleen index, but in the test group, at least 50% of spleen and 90% of lymph node micro sections showed lymphoid hyperplasia: no reactive changes were observed in controls. In both groups, histological evaluation of kidney, liver, spleen, lung, lymph node and bone marrow micro sections showed no significant histological alterations in the normal architecture.Conclusion: According to result of this study, it seems that although MS14 has no effect on body weight and spleen index, it may induce hyperplastic changes in spleen & lymph nodes, thus signaling activation of the immune system.

Wandering spleen, defined as a spleen without its usual peritoneal attachments, is a rare entity. We report a 34-year-old woman with acute abdomen due to torsion of the long vascular pedicle of a wandering spleen, displaced in the abdominal cavity, and infarction of the spleen. Wandering spleen was diagnosed by ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan, and was managed by splenectomy in this patient. Wandering spleen usually occurs in 20 to 40 years old women. The most common presentation is acute abdominal pain, although signs and symptoms vary widely. Due to the risk of splenic infarction, rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential. A confirmatory diagnosis of a wandering spleen depends heavily upon imaging studies such as abdominal ultrasound, abdominal and pelvic CT scanning, nuclear scintigraphy or a liver-spleen scan. Treatment options include splenopexy or splenectomy.

Background/Objective: It is important to keep the spleen with the help of imaging in today world. We can see variations like asplenia, polysplenia (2 -16 pieces) at MRI. Normal spleen has a size up to 1cm and less than that is asplenia or atrophy of spleen. It is common to see large vessels anomalies. We can evaluate it after spleen surgical removal, also spleno-sis, and accessory spleen. The aim of this presentation is to report variations of spleen site on CT. Patients and Methods: All the 3000 cases had sono-graphy report or CT. Some of them had MRI report. All the patients received oral or intravenous contrast media. Results: Among 3000 CT, there were 240 cases of ac-cessory spleen, two cases of poly spleen, one case of pelvic spleen, 90 cases of spleen metastasis which were mostly lymphoma, 25 cases of Hydatid cyst, three cases of simple cysts, three cases of small spleen (1-6 cm), two cases of huge splenomegaly, 14 cases of spleen calcifications, 15 cases of accessory spleen which in one case it was more than 3.5cm. There were five cases with spleen measured 8 -12 cm in di-ameter which were after splenectomy due to Thalas-semia major and it was as a result of enlargement of accessory spleen which was not diagnosed, also two cases of multi- accessory spleen were found. Other complications of spleen were five cases of abscess and infections, 12 cases of spleen infarction, 36 cases of spleen rupture, two cases of cavernous hemangioma and one case of capillary hemangioma. Conclusion:1-Sonography had better accuracy in the case of internal texture, tumors and cysts in compari-son with CT. 2-CT had better accuracy than sonogra-phy at calcification, an splenic surroundings, spleen infarction and splenic vessels investigation. 3-CT is mandatory for major thalassemia and the ones who must go under splenectomy. Also CT is necessary for revealing accessory spleen which may be missed at sonography. 4- For finding pelvic spleen CT, CTA and MRI are possible but sonography and doppler are difficult. 5-RN Scan has the minimum role at spleen imaging.

Background: Splenomegay is a common finding in numerous diseases such as hepatic, hematologic and metabolic diseases and also in any systemic inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the grading of splenomegaly in various diseases and to compare them with healthy control subjects.Materials and Methods: Sonography was used to evaluate splenic index (SI) in 640 patients and 200 healthy control subjects prospectively in Imam Khomeini hospital between 13,79 and 1381. To express spleen size, splenic index was used which is a known method. SI was obtained by the following formula: SI(cm2)= a(cm)x b(cm) where a is the transverse and b is the vertical diameter of the largest coronal sectional image of spleen.Results & Conclusion: Splenomegaly was present in high percentage of the patients, even though a majority of these spleens were not large enough to palpate. By grading of SI ,characteristic distributions of SI for different types of diseases were obtained. Obtaining and grading the SI by sonography appears to be a significant supplemental aid for evaluating and sub grouping splenomegaly, specially in patients whose spleen are not palpable.

Background and objectives: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common mononeuropathy encountered in clinical practice. Conventional electro diagnosis studies have been useful in the diagnosis of this condition. The Terminal Latency Index (TLI) is a derived neurophysiological value that adjusts the Distal motor Latency (DL) for the terminal distance and motor nerve Conduction Velocity (CV).Several studies have suggested utility of the median TLI for diagnosis of CTS.The goal of this study is to evaluate prospectively the sensitivity of the median TLI in the diagnosis of CTS and compare it with other electrodiagnosis techniques.Material and Methods: This study was done on 111 patients as CTS group & 62 healthy subject as control group. In all groups five selected tests of electrodiagnosis were done and all of them were compared with TLI sensitivity.Results: The mean TLI was 0.3±0.05 in the CTS group and 0.42±0.03 in the control group. The sensitivity of TLI was 73% The TLI wasn't statistically better than the other tests, but in three cases from the CTS group, the TLI was the only abnormal test.The 7 and 14 cm method had meaningful sensitivity in contrary to other tests.Conclusion: The sensitivity of TLI has no meaningful difference with other routine electro diagnostic tests in diagnosis of CTS.The median TLI is a useful but not more sensitive electrodiagnostic test for CTS.

Littoral- cell angioma (LCA) is a rare vascular tumor of the spleen. It was thought to be a benign, incidental lesion. However, many recent reports have described it to be a malignant lesion with congenital and immunologic associations. We report a case of LCA of the spleen, which has been infrequently communicated in the literature. A 41-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with a three-week history of weakness, weight loss, anorexia, and intermittent upper abdominal pain which improved slightly with antacid medication. Imaging studies, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), showed multiple lesions in the spleen. Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed.